PHP学习：PHP的文件操作与算法实现的面试题示例

  <?php 
  /** 
   * 五种方式获取指定路径的文件扩展名 
   */ 
   
  $str = "dir/upload.image.jpg"; 
   
  function one ($str) 
  { 
    $arr = explode('.', $str); 
    $count = count($arr); 
     
    return $arr[$count - 1]; 
  } 
   
  function two ($str) 
  { 
    $len = strlen($str); 
     
    for ($i = $len - 1, $name = ''; $str[$i] != '.'; $i --) { 
      $name .= $str[$i]; 
    } 
    $name = strrev($name); 
     
    return $name; 
  } 
   
  function three($str) 
  { 
    $path = pathinfo($str); 
     
    return $path['extension']; 
  }  
   
  function four($str) 
  { 
    $arr = explode('.', $str); 
     
    return array_pop($arr); 
  } 
   
  function five($str) 
  { 
    $start = strrpos($str, '.'); 
     
    return substr($str, $start + 1); 
  } 
   
  echo one($str); 
  echo "<br>"; 
   
  echo two($str); 
  echo "<br>"; 
   
  echo three($str); 
  echo "<br>"; 
   
  echo four($str); 
  echo "<br>"; 
   
  echo five($str); 
  echo "<br>"; 

  <?php 
   
  /** 
   * 求$b相对于$a的相对路径 
   * @param string $a 
   * @param string $b 
   * @return string 
   */ 
  function getRelativePath ($a, $b) 
  { 
    $patha = explode('/', $a); 
    $pathb = explode('/', $b); 
     
    $counta = count($patha) - 1; 
    $countb = count($pathb) - 1; 
     
    $path = "../"; 
    if ($countb > $counta) { 
      while ($countb > $counta) { 
        $path .= "../"; 
        $countb --; 
      } 
    } 
     
    // 寻找第一个公共结点 
    for ($i = $countb - 1; $i >= 0;) { 
      if ($patha[$i] != $pathb[$i]) { 
        $path .= "../"; 
        $i --; 
      } else { // 判断是否为真正的第一个公共结点,防止呈现子目录重名情况 
        for ($j = $i - 1, $flag = 1; $j >= 0; $j --) { 
          if ($patha[$j] == $pathb[$j]) { 
            continue; 
          } else { 
            $flag = 0; 
            break; 
          } 
        } 
         
        if ($flag) 
          break; 
        else 
          $i ++; 
      } 
    } 
     
    for ($i += 1; $i <= $counta; $i ++) { 
      $path .= $patha[$i] . "/"; 
    } 
     
    return $path; 
  } 
   
  $a = "/a/c/d/e.php"; 
  $b = "/a/c.php"; 
   
  $path = getRelativePath($a, $b); 
  echo $path; 

  <?php 
   
  /** 
   * 冒泡排序算法实现(从小到大) 
   */ 
  function maopaoSort (&$array) 
  { 
    $count = count($array); 
     
    for ($i = 0; $i < $count - 1; $i ++) { 
      for ($j = 0; $j < $count - $i - 1; $j ++) { 
        if ($array[$j] > $array[$j + 1]) { 
          $tmp = $array[$j]; 
          $array[$j] = $array[$j + 1]; 
          $array[$j + 1] = $tmp; 
        } 
      } 
    } 
  } 
   
  /** 
   * 快速排序 
   */ 
  function pivotParation (&$array, $start, $end) 
  { 
    $stand = $array[$start]; 
     
    while ($start < $end) { 
      while ($start < $end && $array[$end] >= $stand) { 
        $end --; 
      } 
      if ($start < $end) { 
        $array[$start ++] = $array[$end]; 
      } 
       
      while ($start < $end && $array[$start] <= $stand) { 
        $start ++; 
      } 
      if ($start < $end) { 
        $array[$end --] = $array[$start]; 
      } 
    } 
     
    $array[$start] = $stand; 
     
    return $start; 
  } 
   
  function quickSort (&$array, $begin, $end) 
  { 
    if ($begin < $end) { 
      $pivot = pivotParation($array, $begin, $end); 
      quickSort($array, $begin, $pivot - 1); 
      quickSort($array, $pivot + 1, $end); 
    } 
  } 
   
  $arr = array( 
      5, 
      1, 
      3, 
      2, 
      19, 
      11, 
      25, 
      12, 
      100, 
      10000, 
      12 
  ); 
   
  // 冒泡排序 
  maopaoSort($arr); 
  print_r($arr); 
  echo "<br>"; 
   
  // 快速排序 
  $count = count($arr); 
  quickSort($arr, 0, $count - 1); 
  print_r($arr); 

  <?php 
   
  /** 
   * 顺序查找 
   */ 
  function seqSearch ($arr, $needle) 
  { 
    for ($i = 0, $len = count($arr); $i < $len; $i ++) { 
      if ($arr[$i] == $needle) { 
        return $i; 
      } 
    } 
    return - 1; 
  } 
   
  /** 
   * 二分查找 
   */ 
  function midSearch ($arr, $start, $end, $needle) 
  { 
    while ($start <= $end) { 
      $mid = (int)($start + ($end - $start) / 2); // 防止超出整数表现范围 
       
      if ($arr[$mid] == $needle) { 
        return $mid; 
      } else if ($arr[$mid] > $needle) { 
        $end = $mid - 1; 
      } else { 
        $start = $mid + 1; 
      } 
    } 
     
    return - 1; 
  } 
   
  $arr = array( 
      1, 
      2, 
      3, 
      4, 
      5, 
      6, 
      7, 
      8, 
      9, 
      10 
  ); 
   
  $needle = 5; 
   
  echo seqSearch($arr, $needle); 
  echo "<br>"; 
   
  echo midSearch($arr, 0, count($arr) - 1, $needle); 

  /** 
   * Description:获取中枢点的位置 
   * 
   * @param array $array       
   * @param int $left       
   * @param int $right       
   * @param string $field       
   * @return int 
   */ 
  function fetchArrayPivot (&$array, $left, $right, $field) 
  { 
    // 基准定义 
    $stand = $array[$left]; 
     
    // 遍历数组 
    while ($left < $right) { 
      while ($left < $right && $array[$right][$field] >= $stand[$field]) { 
        $right --; 
      } 
      if ($left < $right) { 
        $array[$left ++] = $array[$right]; 
      } 
       
      while ($left < $right && $array[$left][$field] <= $stand[$field]) { 
        $left ++; 
      } 
      if ($left < $right) { 
        $array[$right --] = $array[$left]; 
      } 
    } 
     
    // 获取中枢点位置 
    $array[$left] = $stand; 
     
    return $left; 
  } 
   
  /** 
   * Description:快速排序主法式 
   * 
   * @param array $array       
   * @param int $begin       
   * @param int $end       
   * @param string $field       
   */ 
  function quickSort (&$array, $begin, $end, $field) 
  { 
    // 变量定义 
    $pivot = null; 
     
    if ($begin < $end) { 
      $pivot = fetchArrayPivot($array, $begin, $end, $field); 
      quickSort($array, $begin, $pivot - 1, $field); 
      quickSort($array, $pivot + 1, $end, $field); 
    } 
  }