《PHP应用:php集成动态口令认证》要点:
本文介绍了PHP应用:php集成动态口令认证,希望对您有用。如果有疑问,可以联系我们。
PHP教程大多数系统目前均使用的静态密码进行身份认证登录,但由于静态密码容易被窃取,其安全性无法满足安全要求.
PHP教程动态口令采用一次一密、用过密码作废的方式防止了密码被窃取带来的安全问题.
动态口令分为HOTP(基于事件计数的动态口令,RFC4226)、TOTP(基于时间计数的动态口令,RFC6238)、OCRA(挑战应答式动态口令,RFC6287)等方式.
PHP教程本文介绍了集成TOTP方式的动态口令认证的方案,PHP框架采用Thinkphp3.2.3,动态口令生成器使用的是google authtication.
PHP教程1、为Thinkphp框架添加oath算法类
PHP教程oath算法封装类oath.php代码如下:
- PHP教程
- <?PHP
- /**
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- *
- * PHP Google two-factor authentication module.
- *
- * See http://www.idontplaydarts.com/2011/07/google-totp-two-factor-authentication-for-php/
- * for more details
- *
- * @author Phil
- **/
- class Google2FA {
- const keyRegeneration = 30; // Interval between key regeneration
- const otpLength = 6; // Length of the Token generated
- private static $lut = array( // Lookup needed for Base32 encoding
- "A" => 0, "B" => 1,
- "C" => 2, "D" => 3,
- "E" => 4, "F" => 5,
- "G" => 6, "H" => 7,
- "I" => 8, "J" => 9,
- "K" => 10, "L" => 11,
- "M" => 12, "N" => 13,
- "O" => 14, "P" => 15,
- "Q" => 16, "R" => 17,
- "S" => 18, "T" => 19,
- "U" => 20, "V" => 21,
- "W" => 22, "X" => 23,
- "Y" => 24, "Z" => 25,
- "2" => 26, "3" => 27,
- "4" => 28, "5" => 29,
- "6" => 30, "7" => 31
- );
- /**
- * Generates a 16 digit secret key in base32 format
- * @return string
- **/
- public static function generate_secret_key($length = 16) {
- $b32 = "234567QWERTYUIOPASDFGHJKLZXCVBNM";
- $s = "";
- for ($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++)
- $s .= $b32[rand(0,31)];
- return $s;
- }
- /**
- * Returns the current Unix Timestamp devided by the keyRegeneration
- * period.
- * @return integer
- **/
- public static function get_timestamp() {
- return floor(microtime(true)/self::keyRegeneration);
- }
- /**
- * Decodes a base32 string into a binary string.
- **/
- public static function base32_decode($b32) {
- $b32 = strtoupper($b32);
- if (!preg_match('/^[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ234567]+$/', $b32, $match))
- throw new Exception('Invalid characters in the base32 string.');
- $l = strlen($b32);
- $n = 0;
- $j = 0;
- $binary = "";
- for ($i = 0; $i < $l; $i++) {
- $n = $n << 5; // Move buffer left by 5 to make room
- $n = $n + self::$lut[$b32[$i]]; // Add value into buffer
- $j = $j + 5; // Keep track of number of bits in buffer
- if ($j >= 8) {
- $j = $j - 8;
- $binary .= chr(($n & (0xFF << $j)) >> $j);
- }
- }
- return $binary;
- }
- /*by tang*/
- public static function base32_encode($data, $length){
- $basestr = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ234567";
- $count = 0;
- if ($length > 0) {
- $buffer = $data[0];
- $next = 1;
- $bitsLeft = 8;
- while (($bitsLeft > 0 || $next < $length)) {
- if ($bitsLeft < 5) {
- if ($next < $length) {
- $buffer <<= 8;
- $buffer |= $data[$next++] & 0xFF;
- $bitsLeft += 8;
- } else {
- $pad = 5 - $bitsLeft;
- $buffer <<= $pad;
- $bitsLeft += $pad;
- }
- }
- $index = 0x1F & ($buffer >> ($bitsLeft - 5));
- $bitsLeft -= 5;
- $result .= $basestr[$index];
- $count++;
- }
- }
- return $result;
- }
- /**
- * Takes the secret key and the timestamp and returns the one time
- * password.
- *
- * @param binary $key - Secret key in binary form.
- * @param integer $counter - Timestamp as returned by get_timestamp.
- * @return string
- **/
- public static function oath_hotp($key, $counter)
- {
- if (strlen($key) < 8)
- throw new Exception('Secret key is too short. Must be at least 16 base 32 characters');
- $bin_counter = pack('N*', 0) . pack('N*', $counter); // Counter must be 64-bit int
- $hash = hash_hmac ('sha1', $bin_counter, $key, true);
- return str_pad(self::oath_truncate($hash), self::otpLength, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);
- }
- /**
- * Verifys a user inputted key against the current timestamp. Checks $window
- * keys either side of the timestamp.
- *
- * @param string $b32seed
- * @param string $key - User specified key
- * @param integer $window
- * @param boolean $useTimeStamp
- * @return boolean
- **/
- public static function verify_key($b32seed, $key, $window = 5, $useTimeStamp = true) {
- $timeStamp = self::get_timestamp();
- if ($useTimeStamp !== true) $timeStamp = (int)$useTimeStamp;
- $binarySeed = self::base32_decode($b32seed);
- for ($ts = $timeStamp - $window; $ts <= $timeStamp + $window; $ts++)
- if (self::oath_hotp($binarySeed, $ts) == $key)
- return true;
- return false;
- }
- /**
- * Extracts the OTP from the SHA1 hash.
- * @param binary $hash
- * @return integer
- **/
- public static function oath_truncate($hash)
- {
- $offset = ord($hash[19]) & 0xf;
- return (
- ((ord($hash[$offset+0]) & 0x7f) << 24 ) |
- ((ord($hash[$offset+1]) & 0xff) << 16 ) |
- ((ord($hash[$offset+2]) & 0xff) << 8 ) |
- (ord($hash[$offset+3]) & 0xff)
- ) % pow(10, self::otpLength);
- }
- }
- /*
- $InitalizationKey = "LFLFMU2SGVCUIUCZKBMEKRKLIQ"; // Set the inital key
- $TimeStamp = Google2FA::get_timestamp();
- $secretkey = Google2FA::base32_decode($InitalizationKey); // Decode it into binary
- $otp = Google2FA::oath_hotp($secretkey, $TimeStamp); // Get current token
- echo("Init key: $InitalizationKey\n");
- echo("Timestamp: $TimeStamp\n");
- echo("One time password: $otp\n");
- // Use this to verify a key as it allows for some time drift.
- $result = Google2FA::verify_key($InitalizationKey, "123456");
- var_dump($result);
- */
- ?>
PHP教程由于google的动态口令算法中种子密钥使用了base32编码,因此需要base32算法,base32.php内容如下:
- PHP教程
- <?php
- //namespace Base32;
- /**
- * Base32 encoder and decoder
- *
- * Last update: 2012-06-20
- *
- * RFC 4648 compliant
- * @link http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4648.txt
- *
- * Some groundwork based on this class
- * https://github.com/NTICompass/PHP-Base32
- *
- * @author Christian Riesen <chris.riesen@gmail.com>
- * @link http://christianriesen.com
- * @license MIT License see LICENSE file
- */
- class Base32
- {
- /**
- * Alphabet for encoding and decoding base32
- *
- * @var array
- */
- private static $alphabet = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ234567=';
- /**
- * Creates an array from a binary string into a given chunk size
- *
- * @param string $binaryString String to chunk
- * @param integer $bits Number of bits per chunk
- * @return array
- */
- private static function chunk($binaryString, $bits)
- {
- $binaryString = chunk_split($binaryString, $bits, ' ');
- if (substr($binaryString, (strlen($binaryString)) - 1) == ' ') {
- $binaryString = substr($binaryString, 0, strlen($binaryString)-1);
- }
- return explode(' ', $binaryString);
- }
- /**
- * Encodes into base32
- *
- * @param string $string Clear text string
- * @return string Base32 encoded string
- */
- public static function encode($string)
- {
- if (strlen($string) == 0) {
- // Gives an empty string
- return '';
- }
- // Convert string to binary
- $binaryString = '';
- foreach (str_split($string) as $s) {
- // Return each character as an 8-bit binary string
- $binaryString .= sprintf('%08b', ord($s));
- }
- // Break into 5-bit chunks, then break that into an array
- $binaryArray = self::chunk($binaryString, 5);
- // Pad array to be divisible by 8
- while (count($binaryArray) % 8 !== 0) {
- $binaryArray[] = null;
- }
- $base32String = '';
- // Encode in base32
- foreach ($binaryArray as $bin) {
- $char = 32;
- if (!is_null($bin)) {
- // Pad the binary strings
- $bin = str_pad($bin, 5, 0, STR_PAD_RIGHT);
- $char = bindec($bin);
- }
- // Base32 character
- $base32String .= self::$alphabet[$char];
- }
- return $base32String;
- }
- /**
- * Decodes base32
- *
- * @param string $base32String Base32 encoded string
- * @return string Clear text string
- */
- public static function decode($base32String)
- {
- // Only work in upper cases
- $base32String = strtoupper($base32String);
- // Remove anything that is not base32 alphabet
- $pattern = '/[^A-Z2-7]/';
- $base32String = preg_replace($pattern, '', $base32String);
- if (strlen($base32String) == 0) {
- // Gives an empty string
- return '';
- }
- $base32Array = str_split($base32String);
- $string = '';
- foreach ($base32Array as $str) {
- $char = strpos(self::$alphabet, $str);
- // Ignore the padding character
- if ($char !== 32) {
- $string .= sprintf('%05b', $char);
- }
- }
- while (strlen($string) %8 !== 0) {
- $string = substr($string, 0, strlen($string)-1);
- }
- $binaryArray = self::chunk($string, 8);
- $realString = '';
- foreach ($binaryArray as $bin) {
- // Pad each value to 8 bits
- $bin = str_pad($bin, 8, 0, STR_PAD_RIGHT);
- // Convert binary strings to ASCII
- $realString .= chr(bindec($bin));
- }
- return $realString;
- }
- }
- ?>
PHP教程将这两个文件放到Thinkphp框架的ThinkPHP\Library\Vendor\oath目录下,oath目录是自己创建的.
PHP教程2、添加数据库字段
PHP教程用户表添加如下字段:
auth_type(0-静态密码,1-动态口令)
seed(种子密钥)
temp_seed(临时种子密钥)
last_logintime(上次登录成功时间)
last_otp(上次使用密码)
其中auth_type是为了标明用户使用的哪种认证方式,seed为用户的种子密钥,temp_seed为用户未开通前临时保存的一个种子密钥,如果用户开通动态口令认证成功,该字段内容会填到seed字段.last_logintime和last_otp为上次认证成功的时间和动态口令,用于避免用户同一个口令重复使用.
PHP教程3、代码集成
PHP教程1)、开通动态口令
PHP教程在原有系统的修改密码页面,加上认证方式的选择,例如:
PHP教程
PHP教程如果用户选择动态口令方式,则会生成一张二维码显示在页面,用于用户开通动态口令.为了兼容google authtication,其二维码格式与谷歌一样.生成二维码的方法见我的另一篇《Thinkphp3.2.3整合phpqrcode生成带logo的二维码》 .
生成密钥二维码代码如下:
- PHP教程
- public function qrcode()
- {
- Vendor('oath.base32');
- $base32 = new \Base32();
- $rand = random(16);//生成随机种子
- $rand = $base32->encode($rand);
- $rand=str_replace('=','',$rand);//去除填充的‘='
- $errorCorrectionLevel =intval(3) ;//容错级别
- $matrixPointSize = intval(8);//生成图片大小
- //生成二维码图片
- Vendor('phpqrcode.phpqrcode');
- $object = new \QRcode();
- $text = sprintf("otpauth://totp/%s?secret=%s", $user, $rand);
- $object->png($text, false, $errorCorrectionLevel, $matrixPointSize, 2);
- 生成的种子$rand保存到数据库的temp_seed字段
- }
PHP教程random是生成随机字符串函数.$rand=str_replace('=','',$rand)这句代码是因为谷歌手机令牌中base32解码算法并没有填充的‘='号.
PHP教程验证用户动态口令的代码如下:
- PHP教程
- 从数据库读取temp_seed
- Vendor('oath.oath');
- $object = new \Google2FA();
- if($object->verify_key($temp_seed, $otp)){
- 验证成功,将数据库更新seed为temp_seed,auth_type为1,last_otp为otp
- }
PHP教程2)、动态口令登录
PHP教程用户动态口令登录验证的代码:
PHP教程从数据库读取auth_type,seed,last_otp字段.
- PHP教程
- if($auth_type==1){//动态口令
- //防止重复认证
- if($lat_otp == $otp) {
- 动态口令重复使用返回
- }
- Vendor('oath.oath');
- $object = new \Google2FA();
- if(!$object->verify_key($seed, $otp))
- {
- 动态口令不正确
- }
- else
- {
- 登录成功,将数据库更新last_otp为$otp,last_logintime为time()
- }
- }
PHP教程4、测试验证
PHP教程下载google authtication,使用静态密码登录系统,进入修改密码页面.
打开google authtication,扫描二维码,会显示动态口令.
PHP教程
PHP教程
PHP教程保存内容,开通动态口令成功!
然后你就可以用高大上的动态口令登录系统了!
PHP教程以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持维易PHP.
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