当前位置： 维易PHP培训学院 > MYSQL教程 > 内容正文

Mysql入门在阿里云的CentOS环境中安装配置MySQL的教程

作者：VEPHP   时间 2017-09-15

《Mysql入门在阿里云的CentOS环境中安装配置MySQL的教程》要点：
本文介绍了Mysql入门在阿里云的CentOS环境中安装配置MySQL的教程，希望对您有用。如果有疑问，可以联系我们。

MYSQL必读1 常规错误的yum安装方法：

MYSQL必读在前文中记述了CentOS 6.5系统中通过yum方式快速地搭建了LNMP环境,那么是否也能在CentOS 7或CentOS 7.1系统中依葫芦画瓢安装MySql5.6.24呢?答案是否定的.

  1. MYSQL必读
  2. [root@typecodes ~]# yum -y install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel
  3. ......................
  4. ....省略部分安装过程....
  5. ......................
  6. Installed:
  7.  mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0             mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0            
  8. Dependency Installed:
  9.  keyutils-libs-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7 krb5-devel.x86_64 0:1.12.2-14.el7  libcom_err-devel.x86_64 0:1.42.9-7.el7 libselinux-devel.x86_64 0:2.2.2-6.el7 
  10.  libsepol-devel.x86_64 0:2.1.9-3.el7   libverto-devel.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7 openssl-devel.x86_64 1:1.0.1e-42.el7.4 pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-14.el7   
  11.  zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.7-13.el7   
  12. Complete!

MYSQL必读从上面的安装结果可以看出,没有安装mysql数据库,而是安装了mariadb数据!因为在CentOS 7和CentOS 7.1系统中,默认安装的mysql是它的分支mariadb.这里引用下百度百科关于mariadb的描述：

MYSQL必读MariaDB数据库管理系统是MySQL的一个分支,主要由开源社区在维护,采用GPL授权许可 MariaDB的目的是完全兼容MySQL,包括API和命令行,使之能轻松成为MySQL的代替品.
因此,下面这些正常的MySQL操作都是无效的：

  1. MYSQL必读
  2. #######无法把mysql服务加入系统启动
  3. [root@typecodes ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
  4. error reading information on service mysqld: No such file or directory
  5. #######启动不了mysql
  6. [root@typecodes ~]# service mysqld start
  7. Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service
  8. Failed to issue method call: Unit mysqld.service failed to load: No such file or directory.
  9. #######没有安装mysql相关包
  10. [root@typecodes ~]# rpm -qa |grep mysql
  11. php-mysql-5.4.16-23.el7_0.3.x86_64
  12. [root@typecodes ~]#

MYSQL必读2 正确的安装方法：

MYSQL必读众所周知,Linux系统自带的repo是不会自动更新每个软件的最新版本(基本都是比较靠后的稳定版),所以无法通过yum方式安装MySQL的高级版本.所以我们需要先安装带有当前可用的mysql5系列社区版资源的rpm包.

  1. MYSQL必读
  2. #######安装rpm包
  3. [root@typecodes ~]# rpm -Uvh http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
  1. MYSQL必读
  2. Retrieving http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
  3. Preparing...       ################################# [100%]
  4. Updating / installing...
  5.  1:mysql-community-release-el7-5 ################################# [100%]

MYSQL必读这时查看当前可用的mysql安装资源：

  1. MYSQL必读
  2. [root@typecodes ~]# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
  1. MYSQL必读
  2. mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community     14
  3. mysql-tools-community/x86_64  MySQL Tools Community      17
  4. mysql56-community/x86_64   MySQL 5.6 Community Server    139

MYSQL必读从上面的列表可以看出, mysql56-community/x86_64 和 MySQL 5.6 Community Server 可以使用.

MYSQL必读因此,我们就可以直接用yum方式安装了MySQL5.6版本了.

  1. MYSQL必读
  2. [root@typecodes ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server
  1. MYSQL必读
  2. Loaded plugins: axelget, langpacks
  3. No metadata available for base
  4. No metadata available for epel
  5. No metadata available for extras
  6. (Failed to load module fastestmirror: No module named fastestmirror)
  7. repomd.xml                                  | 2.5 kB 00:00:00  
  8. update mysql-connectors-community metadata successfully
  9. (Failed to load module fastestmirror: No module named fastestmirror)
  10. repomd.xml                                  | 2.5 kB 00:00:00  
  11. update mysql-tools-community metadata successfully
  12. (Failed to load module fastestmirror: No module named fastestmirror)
  13. repomd.xml                                  | 2.5 kB 00:00:00  
  14. update mysql56-community metadata successfully
  15. No metadata available for updates
  16. mysql-connectors-community                              | 2.5 kB 00:00:00  
  17. mysql-tools-community                               | 2.5 kB 00:00:00  
  18. mysql56-community                                | 2.5 kB 00:00:00  
  19. (1/3): mysql-connectors-community/x86_64/primary_db                        | 7.3 kB 00:00:00  
  20. (2/3): mysql56-community/x86_64/primary_db                          | 83 kB 00:00:01  
  21. mysql-tools-community/x86_64/p FAILED           ==============================================  ] 19 kB/s | 92 kB 00:00:00 ETA 
  22. http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/x86_64/repodata/3301d2eb425f300dec5a46c4201d08f2cf9232a6-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/x86_64/repodata/3301d2eb425f300dec5a46c4201d08f2cf9232a6-primary.sqlite.bz2: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 3 seconds')
  23. Trying other mirror.
  24. (3/3): mysql-tools-community/x86_64/primary_db                         | 15 kB 00:00:00  
  25. Resolving Dependencies
  26. --> Running transaction check
  27. ---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be installed
  28. --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.6.24-3.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64
  29. --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) = 5.6.24-3.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64
  30. --> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64
  31. --> Running transaction check
  32. ---> Package mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 will be obsoleted
  33. ---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be obsoleting
  34. --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) = 5.6.24-3.el7 for package: mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64
  35. ---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be installed
  36. ---> Package perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 will be installed
  37. --> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlServer) >= 0.2001 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64
  38. --> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlClient) >= 0.2000 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64
  39. --> Running transaction check
  40. ---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 will be obsoleted
  41. --> Processing Dependency: mariadb-libs(x86-64) = 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 for package: 1:mariadb-devel-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64
  42. ---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be obsoleting
  43. ---> Package perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7 will be installed
  44. --> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon) >= 0.13 for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
  45. --> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Test) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
  46. --> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Log) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
  47. --> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Zlib) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
  48. --> Running transaction check
  49. ---> Package mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 will be obsoleted
  50. ---> Package mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 will be obsoleting
  51. ---> Package perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 will be installed
  52. --> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Zlib) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch
  53. --> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Bzip2) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch
  54. ---> Package perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 will be installed
  55. --> Running transaction check
  56. ---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 will be installed
  57. ---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 will be installed
  58. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  59. Dependencies Resolved
  60. =======================================================================================================================================================================
  61.  Package           Arch       Version        Repository         Size
  62. =======================================================================================================================================================================
  63. Installing:
  64.  mysql-community-client       x86_64       5.6.24-3.el7       mysql56-community       19 M
  65.   replacing mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0
  66.  mysql-community-devel       x86_64       5.6.24-3.el7       mysql56-community       3.4 M
  67.   replacing mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0
  68.  mysql-community-libs       x86_64       5.6.24-3.el7       mysql56-community       2.0 M
  69.   replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0
  70.  mysql-community-server       x86_64       5.6.24-3.el7       mysql56-community       58 M
  71. Installing for dependencies:
  72.  mysql-community-common       x86_64       5.6.24-3.el7       mysql56-community       256 k
  73.  perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2       x86_64       2.061-3.el7       base          32 k
  74.  perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib       x86_64       1:2.061-4.el7       base          57 k
  75.  perl-DBI          x86_64       1.627-4.el7       base          802 k
  76.  perl-IO-Compress        noarch       2.061-2.el7       base          260 k
  77.  perl-Net-Daemon         noarch       0.48-5.el7        base          51 k
  78.  perl-PlRPC          noarch       0.2020-14.el7       base          36 k
  79. Transaction Summary
  80. =======================================================================================================================================================================
  81. Install 4 Packages (+7 Dependent packages)
  82. Total download size: 83 M
  83. Downloading packages:
  84. mysql-community-devel-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                         | 3.4 MB 00:00:03  
  85. mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                         | 19 MB 00:00:05  
  86. mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                         | 58 MB 00:00:11  
  87. mysql-community-libs-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                         | 2.0 MB 00:00:02  
  88. perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                             | 0 B 00:00:01 ... 
  89. perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                             | 802 kB 00:00:00  
  90. (1/6): perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                       | 57 kB 00:00:00  
  91. (2/6): perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch.rpm                         | 51 kB 00:00:00  
  92. (3/6): perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch.rpm                          | 36 kB 00:00:00  
  93. (4/6): perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                       | 32 kB 00:00:00  
  94. (5/6): perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch.rpm                         | 260 kB 00:00:00  
  95. warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql56-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm: V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY 00:00:01 ETA 
  96. Public key for mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
  97. (6/6): mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                       | 256 kB 00:00:01  
  98. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  99. Total                                 388 kB/s | 692 kB 00:00:01  
  100. Retrieving key from file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
  101. Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
  102.  Userid  : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
  103.  Fingerprint: a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5
  104.  Package : mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch (installed)
  105.  From  : file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
  106. Running transaction check
  107. Running transaction test
  108. Transaction test succeeded
  109. Running transaction
  110. Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
  111.  Installing : mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                           1/14 
  112.  Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                           2/14 
  113.  Installing : mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                           3/14 
  114.  Installing : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch                             4/14 
  115.  Installing : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64                          5/14 
  116.  Installing : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64                           6/14 
  117.  Installing : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch                            7/14 
  118.  Installing : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch                             8/14 
  119.  Installing : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64                              9/14 
  120.  Installing : mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                          10/14 
  121.  Installing : mysql-community-devel-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                           11/14 
  122.  Erasing : 1:mariadb-devel-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64                            12/14 
  123.  Erasing : 1:mariadb-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64                             13/14 
  124.  Erasing : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64                            14/14 
  125.  Verifying : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64                           1/14 
  126.  Verifying : mysql-community-common-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                           2/14 
  127.  Verifying : mysql-community-devel-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                           3/14 
  128.  Verifying : mysql-community-client-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                           4/14 
  129.  Verifying : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch                             5/14 
  130.  Verifying : mysql-community-server-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                           6/14 
  131.  Verifying : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64                          7/14 
  132.  Verifying : mysql-community-libs-5.6.24-3.el7.x86_64                           8/14 
  133.  Verifying : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch                             9/14 
  134.  Verifying : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64                              10/14 
  135.  Verifying : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch                            11/14 
  136.  Verifying : 1:mariadb-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64                             12/14 
  137.  Verifying : 1:mariadb-devel-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64                            13/14 
  138.  Verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64                            14/14 
  139. Installed:
  140.  mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7   mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7   mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7   
  141.  mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7   
  142. Dependency Installed:
  143.  mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.24-3.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7
  144.  perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7  perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7   perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7   
  145. Replaced:
  146.  mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0     mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0     mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0     
  147. Complete!

MYSQL必读3 MySQL安装完成后,进行相关配置

MYSQL必读安装完MySQL后,需要进行一些基础配置工作：

  1. MYSQL必读
  2. #######安装成功后,将其加入开机启动
  3. [root@typecodes ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
  4. #######启动mysql服务进程
  5. [root@typecodes ~]# systemctl start mysqld
  6. #######配置mysql(设置密码等)
  7. [root@typecodes ~]# mysql_secure_installation
  1. MYSQL必读
  2. NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL
  3.   SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
  4. In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current
  5. password for the root user. If you've just installed MySQL, and
  6. you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
  7. so you should just press enter here.
  8. Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
  9. OK, successfully used password, moving on...
  10. Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL
  11. root user without the proper authorisation.
  1. MYSQL必读
  2. Set root password? [Y/n] y     [设置root用户密码]
  3. New password: 
  4. Re-enter new password: 
  5. Password updated successfully!
  6. Reloading privilege tables..
  7.  ... Success!
  8. By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
  9. to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for
  10. them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
  11. go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
  12. production environment.
  13. Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y     [删除匿名用户]
  14.  ... Success!
  15. Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
  16. ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
  17. Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y  [禁止root远程登录]
  18.  ... Success!
  19. By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
  20. access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
  21. before moving into a production environment.
  22. Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y   [删除test数据库]
  23.  - Dropping test database...
  24. ERROR 1008 (HY000) at line 1: Can't drop database 'test'; database doesn't exist
  25.  ... Failed! Not critical, keep moving...
  26.  - Removing privileges on test database...
  27.  ... Success!
  28. Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
  29. will take effect immediately.
  30. Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y   [刷新权限]
  31.  ... Success!
  32. All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL
  33. installation should now be secure.
  34. Thanks for using MySQL!
  35. Cleaning up...

MYSQL必读4.可能有效的MySQL配置优化
在原始配置文件  /etc/my.cnf 基础上,在 [mysqld] 节内增加配置参数.实际应用中,请按硬件及负载酌情修改.

  1. MYSQL必读
  2. #add by feng 120418 --------------------------
  3. #skip-locking
  4. skip-name-resolve
  5. skip-external-locking
  6. key_buffer_size = 256M
  7. #table_cache = 3072
  8. table_open_cache = 3072
  9. read_buffer_size = 2M
  10. read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
  11. sort_buffer_size = 2M
  12. myisam_sort_buffer_size = 256M
  13. thread_cache_size = 8
  14. query_cache_size= 512M
  15. query_cache_limit= 5M
  16. tmp_table_size=1024M
  17. max_heap_table_size=3000M
  18. max_allowed_packet = 16M
  19. innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
  20. innodb_log_file_size = 512M
  21. innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=512M
  22. innodb_log_buffer_size=64M
  23. max_connections=2000
  24. max_user_connections=800
  25. join_buffer_size = 8M
  26. open_files_limit = 65535
  27. #tmpdir=/dev/shm
  28. max_connect_errors=1000
  29. #add by feng 120418 end ---------------------

转载请注明本页网址：
http://www.vephp.com/jiaocheng/1389.html


    标签：  




同类教程排行


特辑教程