MYSQL教程Keepalived+HAProxy实现MySQL高可用负载均衡的配置
作者：VEPHP 时间 2017-10-18
《MYSQL教程Keepalived+HAProxy实现MySQL高可用负载均衡的配置》要点：
本文介绍了MYSQL教程Keepalived+HAProxy实现MySQL高可用负载均衡的配置，希望对您有用。如果有疑问，可以联系我们。
KeepalivedMYSQL进修
由于在生产环境使用了mysqlcluster,必要实现高可用负载均衡,这里提供了keepalived+haproxy来实现.MYSQL学习
keepalived主要功效是实现真实机器的故障隔离及负载均衡器间的失败切换.可在第3,4,5层交换.它通过VRRPv2(Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) stack实现的.MYSQL学习
Layer3:Keepalived会定期向服务器群中的服务器.发送一个ICMP的数据包(既我们平时用的Ping程序),如果发现某台服务的IP地址没有激活,Keepalived便申报这台服务器失效,并将它从服务器群中剔除,这种情况的典型例子是某台服务器被非法关机.Layer3的方式是以服务器的IP地址是否有效作为服务器工作正常与否的标准.MYSQL学习
Layer4:主要以TCP端口的状态来决议服务器工作正常与否.如web server的服务端口一般是80,如果Keepalived检测到80端口没有启动,则Keepalived将把这台服务器从服务器群中剔除.MYSQL学习
Layer5:在网络上占用的带宽也要大一些.Keepalived将根据用户的设定检查服务器法式的运行是否正常,如果与用户的设定不相符,则Keepalived将把服务器从服务器群中剔除.MYSQL学习
Software Design
MYSQL进修
MYSQL进修
keepalived启动后会有单个过程MYSQL学习
8352 ? Ss 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived 8353 ? S 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/keepalived 8356 ? S 0:01 \_ /usr/sbin/keepalived
父进程:内存治理,子进程治理等等MYSQL学习
子过程:VRRP子过程MYSQL学习
子过程:Healthchecking 子过程
实例MYSQL学习
2台mysqlcluster 10.1.6.203 master 10.1.6.205 backupMYSQL进修
vip 10.1.6.173MYSQL进修
目的拜访10.1.6.173 3366端口 分别轮询通过haproxy转发到10.1.6.203 3306 和10.1.6.205 3306MYSQL学习
mysqlcluster搭建参照之前博客,这里在2台机上安装keepalivedMYSQL进修
root@10.1.6.203:~# apt-get install keepalived
root@10.1.6.203:~# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
script "killall -0 haproxy" # verify the pid existance
interval 2 # check every 2 seconds
weight -2 # add 2 points of prio if OK
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
interface eth1 # interface to monitor
state MASTER
virtual_router_id 51 # Assign one ID for this route
priority 101 # 101 on master, 100 on backup
nopreempt
debug
virtual_ipaddress {
10.1.6.173
}
track_script { #注意大括号空格
chk_haproxy
}
notify_master /etc/keepalived/scripts/start_haproxy.sh #表示当切换到master状态时,要执行的脚本
notify_fault /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_keepalived.sh #故障时执行的脚本
notify_stop /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_haproxy.sh #keepalived停止运行前运行notify_stop指定的脚本 }
VRRPD配置包含三个类:MYSQL学习
- VRRP同步组(synchroization group)
- VRRP实例(VRRP Instance)
- VRRP剧本
这里使用了 VRRP实例, VRRP剧本MYSQL学习
注意设置装备摆设选项:MYSQL学习
stat:指定instance(Initial)的初始状态,就是说在配置好后,这台服务器的初始状态就是这里指定的,但这里指定的不算,还是得要通过竞选通过优先级来确定,里如果这里设置为master,但如若他的优先级不及另外一台,那么这台在发送通告时,会发送本身的优先级,另外一台发现优先级不如本身的高,那么他会就回抢占为masterMYSQL学习
- interface：实例绑定的网卡,因为在配置虚拟IP的时候必需是在已有的网卡上添加的
- priority 101：设置本节点的优先级,优先级高的为master
- debug：debug级别
- nopreempt:设置为不抢占
vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
script "killall -0 haproxy" # verify the pid existance
interval 2 # check every 2 seconds 脚本执行间隔
weight -2 # add 2 points of prio if OK 脚本结果导致的优先级变更：2表示优先级+2；-2则表示优先级-2
}
然后在实例(vrrp_instance)里面引用,有点类似脚本里面的函数引用一样：先定义,后引用函数名
MYSQL学习
track_script {
chk_haproxy
}
注意：VRRP剧本(vrrp_script)和VRRP实例(vrrp_instance)属于同一个级别MYSQL学习
root@10.1.6.203:scripts# cat start_haproxy.sh
#!/bin/bash
sleep 5
get=`ip addr |grep 10.1.6.173 |wc -l`
echo $get >> /etc/keepalived/scripts/start_ha.log
if [ $get -eq 1 ]
then
echo "`date +%c` success to get vip" >> /etc/keepalived/scripts/start_ha.log
/usr/local/sbin/haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
else
echo "`date +%c` can not get vip" >> /etc/keepalived/scripts/start_ha.log
fi
root@10.1.6.203:scripts# cat stop_keepalived.sh
#!/bin/bash
pid=`pidof keepalived`
if [ $pid == "" ]
then
echo "`date +%c` no keepalived process id" >> /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_keep.log
else
echo "`date +%c` will stop keepalived " >> /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_keep.log
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
fi
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
root@10.1.6.203:scripts# cat stop_haproxy.sh
#!/bin/bash
pid=`pidof haproxy`
echo "`date +%c` stop haproxy" >> /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_ha.log
kill -9 $pid
同理设置装备摆设10.1.6.205MYSQL学习
root@10.1.6.205:~# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
script "killall -0 haproxy" # verify the pid existance
interval 2 # check every 2 seconds
weight 2 # add 2 points of prio if OK
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
interface eth1 # interface to monitor
state BACKUP
virtual_router_id 51 # Assign one ID for this route
priority 100 # 101 on master, 100 on backup
virtual_ipaddress {
10.1.6.173
}
track_script {
chk_haproxy
}
notify_master /etc/keepalived/scripts/start_haproxy.sh
notify_fault /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_keepalived.sh
notify_stop /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_haproxy.sh
}
HAProxyMYSQL进修
下面再先容下haproxyMYSQL学习
HAProxy是一款基于TCP(第四层)和HTTP(第七层)应用的代理软件,它也可作为负载均衡器.可以支持数以万计的并发连接.同时可以掩护服务器不暴露到网络上,通过端口映射.它还自带监控服务器状态的页面.MYSQL学习
安装haproxyMYSQL进修
wget -O/tmp/haproxy-1.4.22.tar.gz http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/src/haproxy-1.4.22.tar.gz tar xvfz /tmp/haproxy-1.4.22.tar.gz -C /tmp/ cd /tmp/haproxy-1.4.22 make TARGET=linux26 make install
haproxy必要对每一个mysqlcluster服务器进行健康检查MYSQL学习
1.在2台主机分离配置haproxy.cfgMYSQL学习
root@10.1.6.203:scripts# cat /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
global
maxconn 51200 #默认最大连接数
#uid 99
#gid 99
daemon #以后台形式运行haproxy
#quiet
nbproc 1 #进程数量(可以设置多个进程提高性能)
pidfile /etc/haproxy/haproxy.pid #haproxy的pid存放路径,启动进程的用户必须有权限访问此文件
defaults
mode tcp #所处理的类别 (#7层 http;4层tcp )
option redispatch #serverId对应的服务器挂掉后,强制定向到其他健康的服务器
option abortonclose #当服务器负载很高的时候,自动结束掉当前队列处理比较久的连接
timeout connect 5000s #连接超时
timeout client 50000s #客户端超时
timeout server 50000s #服务器超时
log 127.0.0.1 local0 #错误日志记录
balance roundrobin #默认的负载均衡的方式,轮询方式
listen proxy
bind 10.1.6.173:3366 #监听端口
mode tcp #http的7层模式
option httpchk #心跳检测的文件
server db1 10.1.6.203:3306 weight 1 check port 9222 inter 12000 rise 3 fall 3 #服务器定义,check inter 12000是检测心跳频率 rise 3是3次正确认为服务器可用, fall 3是3次失败认为服务器不可用,weight代表权重
server db2 10.1.6.205:3306 weight 1 check port 9222 inter 12000 rise 3 fall 3
listen haproxy_stats
mode http
bind 10.1.6.173:8888
option httplog
stats refresh 5s
stats uri /status #网站健康检测URL,用来检测HAProxy管理的网站是否可以用,正常返回200,不正常返回503
stats realm Haproxy Manager
stats auth admin:p@a1SZs24 #账号暗码
root@10.1.6.205:~$ cat /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
global
maxconn 51200
#uid 99
#gid 99
daemon
#quiet
nbproc 1
pidfile /etc/haproxy/haproxy.pid
defaults
mode tcp
option redispatch
option abortonclose
timeout connect 5000s
timeout client 50000s
timeout server 50000s
log 127.0.0.1 local0
balance roundrobin
listen proxy
bind 10.1.6.173:3366
mode tcp
option httpchk
server db1 10.1.6.203:3306 weight 1 check port 9222 inter 12000 rise 3 fall 3
server db2 10.1.6.205:3306 weight 1 check port 9222 inter 12000 rise 3 fall 3
listen haproxy_stats
mode http
bind 10.1.6.173:8888
option httplog
stats refresh 5s
stats uri /status
stats realm Haproxy Manager
stats auth admin:p@a1SZs24
2.安装xinetdMYSQL学习
root@10.1.6.203:~# apt-get install xinetd
3.在每个节点添加xinetd服务脚本和mysqlchk端标语MYSQL学习
root@10.1.6.203:~# vim /etc/xinetd.d/mysqlchk
# default: on
# description: mysqlchk
service mysqlchk #必要在servive定义
{
flags = REUSE
socket_type = stream
port = 9222
wait = no
user = nobody
server = /opt/mysqlchk
log_on_failure += USERID
disable = no
per_source = UNLIMITED
bind = 10.1.6.173
}
root@10.1.6.203:~# vim /etc/services
mysqlchk 9222/tcp # mysqlchk
4.编写mysqlchk监控服务脚本MYSQL学习
root@10.1.6.203:~# ls -l /opt/mysqlchk
-rwxr--r-- 1 nobody root 1994 2013-09-17 11:27 /opt/mysqlchk
root@10.1.6.203:~# cat /opt/mysqlchk
#!/bin/bash
#
# This script checks if a mysql server is healthy running on localhost. It will
# return:
# "HTTP/1.x 200 OK\r" (if mysql is running smoothly)
# - OR -
# "HTTP/1.x 500 Internal Server Error\r" (else)
#
# The purpose of this script is make haproxy capable of monitoring mysql properly
#
MYSQL_HOST="localhost"
MYSQL_SOCKET="/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock"
MYSQL_USERNAME="mysqlchkusr" #该账户暗码需要在mysql里添加
MYSQL_PASSWORD="secret"
MYSQL_OPTS="-N -q -A"
TMP_FILE="/dev/shm/mysqlchk.$$.out"
ERR_FILE="/dev/shm/mysqlchk.$$.err"
FORCE_FAIL="/dev/shm/proxyoff"
MYSQL_BIN="/opt/mysqlcluster/mysql-cluster-gpl-7.2.6-linux2.6-x86_64/bin/mysql"
CHECK_QUERY="select 1"
preflight_check()
{
for I in "$TMP_FILE" "$ERR_FILE"; do
if [ -f "$I" ]; then
if [ ! -w $I ]; then
echo -e "HTTP/1.1 503 Service Unavailable\r\n"
echo -e "Content-Type: Content-Type: text/plain\r\n"
echo -e "\r\n"
echo -e "Cannot write to $I\r\n"
echo -e "\r\n"
exit 1
fi
fi
done
}
return_ok()
{
echo -e "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
echo -e "Content-Type: text/html\r\n"
echo -e "Content-Length: 43\r\n"
echo -e "\r\n"
echo -e "<html><body>MySQL is running.</body></html>\r\n"
echo -e "\r\n"
rm $ERR_FILE $TMP_FILE
exit 0
}
return_fail()
{
echo -e "HTTP/1.1 503 Service Unavailable\r\n"
echo -e "Content-Type: text/html\r\n"
echo -e "Content-Length: 42\r\n"
echo -e "\r\n"
echo -e "<html><body>MySQL is *down*.</body></html>\r\n"
sed -e 's/\n$/\r\n/' $ERR_FILE
echo -e "\r\n"
rm $ERR_FILE $TMP_FILE
exit 1
}
preflight_check
if [ -f "$FORCE_FAIL" ]; then
echo "$FORCE_FAIL found" > $ERR_FILE
return_fail;
fi
$MYSQL_BIN $MYSQL_OPTS --host=$MYSQL_HOST --socket=$MYSQL_SOCKET --user=$MYSQL_USERNAME --password=$MYSQL_PASSWORD -e "$CHECK_QUERY" > $TMP_FILE 2> $ERR_FILE
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
return_fail;
fi
return_ok;
测试MYSQL学习
2个节点开启keepalived(主节点会得到vip,自动拉起haproxy),xinetdMYSQL学习
root@10.1.6.203:~# ip add 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:26:b9:36:0f:81 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 211.151.105.186/26 brd 211.151.105.191 scope global eth0 3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:26:b9:36:0f:83 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.1.6.203/24 brd 10.1.6.255 scope global eth1 inet 10.1.6.173/32 scope global eth1 4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:26:b9:36:0f:85 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 5: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:26:b9:36:0f:87 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff root@10.1.6.203:~# netstat -tunlp | grep ha tcp 0 0 10.1.6.173:3366 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1042/haproxy tcp 0 0 10.1.6.203:8888 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1042/haproxy udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:56562 0.0.0.0:* 1042/haproxy root@10.1.6.203:~# netstat -tunlp | grep xine tcp 0 0 10.1.6.203:9222 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 30897/xinetd root@10.1.6.203:~# ps -ef | grep haproxy root 1042 1 0 Sep17 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/sbin/haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
测试:MYSQL进修
通过vip10.1.6.173 3366拜访cluster数据库(注意账户dave权限需要加3个ip10.1.6.203,10.1.6.205,10.1.6.173)MYSQL学习
root@10.1.6.203:mgm# mysql -udave -p -h 10.1.6.173 -P 3366 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1344316 Server version: 5.5.22-ndb-7.2.6-gpl-log MySQL Cluster Community Server (GPL) Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | dave | | test | +--------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql>
手动分别使keepalive,haproxy,数据库挂掉.vip10.1.6.173会自动漂到10.1.6.205从上,并不影响vip的拜访MYSQL学习
经由过程vip,haproxy查看各节点状态MYSQL学习
http://10.1.6.173:8888/status
MYSQL进修
MYSQL进修
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